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Pantograph:Trace a larger copy of the same path

A parallelogram linkage scales the motion of input point P at output point Q. Here P is driven along a circle. Changing the scale factor changes both the output circle size and output speed by that same factor.

Linkages & rockers

Cams, gears & indexing

Pantograph

P → Q scale factor
InputConnection / contactOutput

At 1×, 15 cycles/min takes 4 seconds per cycle. Playback scale changes elapsed time only, not the motion relationship. Drawing scale stays fixed during playback.

More speeds and timings
Output circle radius
Output point speed
Time per trace

Change dimensions & drive

Change blue values → use the button to return to the drawing

L: 2–10,000 mm; r: 0.1 mm to 0.6L; scale: 1.1–4×; rate: 0.1–3,000 cycles/min.

What to watch

Compare the small circle traced by blue P with the larger circle traced by red Q. O, P and Q remain collinear.

Motion model & scope

The linkage enforces Q = kP about fixed O, with OA = AP = L, OB = kL, BC = AP, PC = AB and BQ = k·BC. P traces a circle of radius r centred at (1.15L, 0.55L). The input path is prescribed; this is not a single-motor drive model. Joints are ideal pins and links rigid. Backlash, deflection and collisions are not calculated; crossing rods represent separate layers.

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